DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH, TIPS

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

A.    DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech (direct line) used to submit a statement or sentence a person by way of repeating what the speaker is. Direct speech always diapiti by double quotes (") that begins with the sign (,) eg:

Neraya said,” I am tired.”

Naraya said,” Ilove you.”

He said,” I need the book.”

They said,” We like you.”

B.    INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect speech (sentences indirectly) used to convey greeting someone with exactly the same meaning without repeating the words of the speaker is. In indirect speech is often used words that link and change the pronouns, tense, and other words if necessary. Compare direct speech and indirect speech below.

Direct speech                    : Stevent said,”I love you.”

Indirect speech                 : Stevent said that he loved me.”

                 Note the change from direct speech into indirect speech following the example above.

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
do not wear that	Wearing that
I	He
Present tense: Love	Past tense: loved
You	Me
I love you	That he loved me

               

                In changing the direct speech into indirect speech verbs introductory note or preface called reporting verb such as say, tell, answer, reply, ask, and so on.

C. HOW TO FORM INDIRECT SPEECH
                 If the reporting verb is in the simple present form of direct speech, perfect present, or future tense, the verb tense in indirect speech does not change, for example:

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Andrew says,”I am tired”.	Andrew says that he is tired.
She says,” I am writing a letter.”	She says that she is writing a letter.
Jack will say,”she is pretty.”	Jack will say that she is pretty.

If the reporting verb in direct speech in the form of simple past tense or past perfect tense, the verb or tense in indirect speech as follows

a.       SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE menjadi SIMPLE PAST TENSE

DIRECT	INDIRECT
Naraya said,”He is handsome.”	Naraya said that he was handsome.
Billy said,”I love her.”	Billy said that he loved her.

b.      PRESENT CONTINUOUS menjadi PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

DIRECT	INDIRECT
Naraya said,”The girl is eating.”	Naraya said that the girl was eating.
She said,”I am reading a book.”	She said that she was reading a book.

c.       PRESENT PERFECT TENSE menjadi PAST PERFECT TENSE

DIRECT	INDIRECT
He said,”I have submitted it.”	He said that he had submitted it.
Ann said,”I have invited them.”	Ann said that she had invited them.

d.      PRESENT FUTURE TENSE menjadi PAST FUTURE TENSE

DIRECT	INDIRECT
Nurul said,”I will meet him.”	Nurul said that she would meet him
Pitaloka said,”Jack will do it.”	Pitaloka said that jack would do it.

e.      SIMPLE PAST TENSE menjadi PAST PERFECT TENSE

DIRECT	INDIRECT
She said,”I met them.”	She said that she had met them.
He said,”Mr. Brown arrived.”	He said that Mr.Brown had arrived.

     Descriptive words in direct speech changes in indirect speech, for example:

DIRECT	INDIRECT
This	That
These	Those
Here	There
Now	Then
Ago	Before
Today	That thay
tomorrow	The next day

CONTOH  KALIMAT:

1.       Peter and Nadia said that they had submit their homework the day before.

   A                                  B                     C                                      D                    = B

        2. My friend, Jhon, said that he will come to visit us the following week.

A                   B                                C                                               D                                                  = C

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5. Make sure you also consume fruits and vegetables are green, orange and yellow, such as broccoli, carrots, cantaloupe and oranges. Antioxidants and other essential nutrients in the diet helps the body to prevent the growth of certain cancer cells and other diseases.

6. Limit consumption of sugary foods, such as processed wheat products and salty snacks.

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